Copyright: UniKey 3.5 Help  Tuesday, August 20, 2002 01:40:24


How to view this Vietnamese help file

This help file was formatted using ABC Sans Serif font (file name: abcserif.fon), which is included in the standard distribution of UniKey. To view this help file you must do either one of 2 following ways:

- Install AbcSerif.fon into your computer (recommended). Click here to install fonts.

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Giíi thiÖu UniKey
Giíi thiÖu ch­¬ng tr×nh

UniKey lµ ch­¬ng tr×nh bµn phÝm tiÕng ViÖt miÔn phÝ trong m«i tr­êng Windows víi m· nguån më theo c¸c ®iÒu kho¶n cña The GNU General Public Licence.

C¸c ®Æc ®iÓm chÝnh:

-	UniKey lµ ch­¬ng tr×nh miÔn phÝ hoµn toµn.

-	Ch¹y trªn tÊt c¶ c¸c m«i tr­êng Windows 32 bit, bao gåm: Windows 95, Windows 98, Windows NT, Windows 2000, Windows XP.

-	Hç trî c¶ tÊt c¶ c¸c kiÓu gâ tiÕng ViÖt th«ng dông nhÊt: Telex, VNI, vµ VIQR.

-	Version 3.5 hç trî c¸c b¶ng m· tiÕng ViÖt th«ng dông nhÊt hiÖn nay, bao gåm: TCVN3, VNI, Unicode (dùng s½n, tæ hîp), MS CP 1258,  VIQR, VPS, VISCII, BK. HCM2, BK. HCM1, Vietware-X, Vietware-F.

Mét ­u ®iÓm so víi c¸c ch­¬ng tr×nh gâ tiÕng ViÖt kh¸c lµ UniKey rÊt nhá gän, vµ dÔ dïng.  Ch­¬ng tr×nh chØ cã duy nhÊt 1 file EXE víi kÝch th­íc 35 KB vµ kh«ng cÇn thªm bÊt cø th­ viÖn nµo kh¸c.

Th«ng tin vÒ UniKey

§Þa chØ web:  http://unikey.sourceforge.net

T¹i ®Þa chØ nµy b¹n cã thÓ dowload version míi nhÊt còng nh­ nh÷ng th«ng tin cËp nhËt vÒ UniKey.

Mailing list:

B¹n cã thÓ ®¨ng ký vµo mailing list unikey@topica.com

 ®Ó lu«n nhËn ®­îc c¸c phiªn b¶n míi nhÊt vµ c¸c th«ng tin cÇn thiÕt kh¸c.

C¸c ý kiÕn gãp ý xin göi vÒ ®Þa chØ: longp@cslab.felk.cvut.cz

DiÔn ®µn UniKey:

http://unikey.sourceforge.net/forum

DiÔn ®µn lµ n¬i tèt nhÊt gióp b¹n gi¶i quyÕt c¸c khã kh¨n khi sö dông UniKey.

T¸c gi¶

Ph¹m Kim Long , §¹i häc Kü thuËt Praha.

§Þa chØ liªn hÖ:

Pham Kim Long

Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Electrical Engineering,

Czech Technical University of Prague.

Karlovo Nam. 13, 121 35 Praha 2

Czech Republic

Email: longp@cslab.felk.cvut.cz

V× thêi gian h¹n hÑp, t¸c gi¶ kh«ng thÓ tr¶ lêi hÕt th­ cña c¸c b¹n. NÕu cã khã kh¨n khi dïng UniKey b¹n h·y t×m c©u hái trong tµi liÖu nµy, hoÆc t¹i DiÔn ®µn UniKey.

T¸c gi¶ ch©n thµnh c¶m ¬n tÊt c¶ c¸c b¹n ®· tham gia ®ãng gãp ý kiÕn, gióp ®ì t¸c gi¶ trong viÖc x©y dùng UniKey ngµy mét tèt h¬n. §Æc biÖt xin c¶m ¬n c¸c anh chÞ: Ph¹m Thóy Minh, V¨n Nh­, Lª ViÖt Dòng, §ç Lª Khoa, Stefan Probst, James §ç B¸ Ph­íc, NguyÔn ThÞ BÝch Nga, Ph¹m §¨ng Quang, x­¬ng-rång....


TiÕng ViÖt trong Windows

§Ó cã thÓ sö dông ®­îc tiÕng ViÖt trong m«i tr­êng Windows b¹n cÇn cã c¸c font tiÕng ViÖt vµ ch­¬ng tr×nh bµn phÝm cho phÐp b¹n nhËp vµo c¸c ch÷ tiÕng ViÖt.  Riªng b¶ng m· unicode th× trong hÇu hÕt c¸c phiªn b¶n Windows ®· cã s½n font råi.

NÕu b¹n dïng mét font tiÕng ViÖt nµo ®ã, b¹n kh«ng nhÊt thiÕt ph¶i dïng ch­¬ng tr×nh bµn phÝm do nhµ s¶n xuÊt font t¹o ra. Th«ng th­êng c¸c ch­¬ng tr×nh bµn phÝm hiÖn nay cã thÓ hç trî cho nhiÒu kiÓu font víi c¸c b¶ng m· kh¸c nhau. UniKey cho phÐp b¹n gâ tiÕng ViÖt víi tÊt c¶ b¶ng m· phæ biÕn nhÊt hiÖn nay, cã thÓ kÓ ®Õn: TCVN3, VNI, VISCII, ... vµ ®Æc biÖt lµ Unicode.

V× nh÷ng khã kh¨n kü thuËt trong nh÷ng n¨m tr­íc ®©y, ®· xuÊt hiÖn rÊt nhiÒu b¶ng m· tiÕng ViÖt kh¸c nhau vµ kh«ng t­¬ng thÝch víi nhau. ChØ sau khi unicode ®­îc sö dông réng r·i th× chuÈn tiÕng ViÖt míi ®­îc quy vÒ mét mèi. MÆc dï UniKey vÉn hç trî c¶ c¸c b¶ng m· cò nh­ng b¹n nªn sö dông unicode trong mäi tr­êng hîp, chØ nªn dïng c¸c b¶ng m· kh¸c khi kh«ng thÓ dïng unicode.

Xem tiÕp: C¸c b¶ng m· tiÕng ViÖt


C¸c b¶ng m· tiÕng ViÖt

§«i ®iÒu vÒ Unicode

§©y lµ b¶ng m· chuÈn quèc tÕ vèn ®­îc thiÕt kÕ ®Ó dïng lµ b¶ng m· duy nhÊt cho tÊt c¶ c¸c ng«n ng÷ kh¸c nhau trªn thÕ giíi. VÒ nguyªn t¾c, Unicode còng dïng 2 byte, nh­ng kh¸c víi c¸c b¶ng m· 2 byte cña ViÖt Nam lµ Unicode lµ chuÈn quèc tÕ nªn ®· vµ sÏ ®­îc hç trî trong c¸c hÖ ®iÒu hµnh vµ c¸c ch­¬ng tr×nh øng dông.

MÆc dï hiÖn t¹i sè øng dông hç trî Unicode ch­a nhiÒu, nh­ng xu h­íng sö dông Unicode sÏ ngµy cµng t¨ng lªn. Unicode ®· ®­îc hç trî ngay tõ trong nh©n cña hÖ ®iÒu hµnh Windows NT vµ nay lµ Windows 2000. C¸c hÖ Windows 9x còng cã hç trî cho Unicode tuy ch­a hoµn chØnh. C¸c ch­¬ng tr×nh phæ dông hiÖn nay cã hç trî Unicode cã thÓ kÓ ®Õn: Internet Explorer 5, Microsft Outlook Express 5, Microsoft Office 97/2000, Netscape 6 ....

Theo giíi chuyªn m«n, Unicode tá ra lµ gi¶i ph¸p trän vÑn cho vÊn ®Ò b¶ng m· tiÕng ViÖt. §Æc biÖt ®èi víi c¸c øng dông Internet viÖc sö dông  tiÕng ViÖt Unicode ngµy cµng cã ­u thÕ h¬n so víi c¸c b¶ng m· tiÕng ViÖt kh¸c.

Unicode dùng s½n vµ Unicode tæ hîp

Unicode tæ hîp vµ dùng s½n ch¼ng qua lµ 2 d¹ng kh¸c nhau cña mét chuÈn chung do tæ chøc Unicode quy ®Þnh. Hai d¹ng nµy hoµn toµn t­¬ng thÝch víi nhau, cã thÓ dïng lÉn lén. Tuy nhiªn, do ®a phÇn c¸c øng dông ch­a hç trî unicode mét c¸ch hoµn h¶o theo nh­ khuyÕn c¸o cña Unicode, b¹n cÇn ph¶i c©n nh¾c cÈn thËn khi quyÕt ®Þnh dïng d¹ng nµo. Ngay c¶ c¸c chuyªn gia cña ViÖt Nam còng ch­a thèng nhÊt nªn dïng d¹ng nµo. Theo quan ®iÓm riªng cña t¸c gi¶, víi gãc ®é mét ng­êi dïng th«ng th­êng b¹n nªn ­u tiªn dïng Unicode dùng s½n trong mäi tr­êng hîp cã thÓ. Unicode dùng s½n lµ sù lùa chän an toµn vµ cã ­u ®iÓm lµ hiÓn thÞ tèt trong mäi m«i tr­êng.

Trong UniKey, unicode dùng s½n ®­îc viÕt gän lµ Unicode. Unicode tæ hîp ®­îc viÕt lµ Composed Unicode (To hop).

HÖ thèng b¶ng m· trong UniKey

•	Unicode: unicode dùng s½n.

•	Composed Unicode: unicode tæ hîp.

•	ABC, VNI, VISCII, VPS, VIETWARE, BKHCM: §©y lµ c¸c b¶ng m· cò, dÇn dÇn sÏ kh«ng cßn ®­îc dïng n÷a.

•	MS CP 1258: b¶ng m· tiÕng ViÖt do Microsoft quy ®Þnh. NÕu dïng b¶ng m· nµy trong c¸c ch­¬ng tr×nh hç trî unicode cña Microsoft nh­ Office, Outlook Express... th× nã cho cïng mét kÕt qu¶ nh­ unicode tæ hîp.

•	VIQR: Thùc chÊt ®©y kh«ng ph¶i lµ b¶ng m· mµ chØ lµ d¹ng thÓ hiÖn tiÕng ViÖt d­íi d¹ng "th« s¬" th«ng qua c¸c ký tù chuÈn. D¹ng nµy vÉn cßn ®­îc dïng nhiÒu trong trao ®æi email.

•	UTF-8 Literal, NCR Decimal, NCR Hexadecimal: §©y thùc chÊt lµ c¸c d¹ng thÓ hiÖn kh¸c nhau cña Unicode dùng s½n. NÕu b¹n lµ ng­êi dïng b×nh th­êng vµ ch­a nghe ®Õn chóng th× nhiÒu kh¶ n¨ng b¹n sÏ kh«ng bao giê cÇn ®Õn chóng. C¸c d¹ng nµy chñ yÕu nh»m phôc vô nh÷ng ng­êi so¹n Web chuyªn nghiÖp khi ch­¬ng tr×nh so¹n Web kh«ng cho phÐp so¹n unicode trùc tiÕp. HiÖn nay nhiÒu ng­êi dïng NCR Decimal trong ch­¬ng tr×nh Yahoo Chat ®Ó trao ®æi tiÕng ViÖt cã dÊu.

•	X UTF-8: d¹ng ®Æc biÖt ®Ó so¹n unicode trong c¸c ch­¬ng tr×nh vèn xuÊt xø tõ m«i tr­êng Unix, Linux nh­ Emacs, gVim. Xem thªm trong môc 7 .

Xem thªm: Nh÷ng ®iÒu cÇn biÕt khi sö dông Unicode.


Nguyªn t¾c chung gâ tiÕng ViÖt

§Ó gâ c¸c ch÷ c¸i ViÖt cã dÊu b¹n ph¶i gâ ch÷ c¸i chÝnh tr­íc, sau ®ã gâ c¸c dÊu thanh, dÊu mò, dÊu mãc. C¸c kiÓu gâ tiÕng ViÖt kh¸c nhau sÏ quy ®Þnh c¸c phÝm bÊm kh¸c nhau cho c¸c dÊu thanh, dÊu mò vµ dÊu mãc.

Tuy b¹n cã thÓ gâ phÝm dÊu ngay sau c¸c ch÷ c¸i gèc, nh­ng ®iÒu nµy dÔ dÉn ®Õn viÖc bá dÊu kh«ng nh©t qu¸n. VÝ dô: ch÷ to¸n cã thÓ ®­îc viÕt thµnh tãan. Víi UniKey, b¹n nªn gâ dÊu ë cuèi tõ vµ UniKey sÏ lu«n tù ®éng ®Æt dÊu ®óng vµo ch÷ c¸i cÇn thiÕt.

Tr¹ng th¸i ch÷ hoa, th­êng phô thuéc vµo tr¹ng th¸i cña c¸c phÝm SHIFT vµ CAPS LOCK. Víi c¸c b¶ng m· 1 byte (TCVN 3, BK HCM1, VISCII, VPS), b¹n ph¶i dïng font ch÷ hoa míi cã ®­îc ch÷ hoa cã dÊu. Víi font ch÷ th­êng, b¹n chØ cã thÓ gâ ®­îc c¸c ch÷ hoa kh«ng ®Êu: ¢, ¡, £, ¤, ¥, ¦, §.

B¹n cã thÓ dïng b¶ng ®iÒu khiÓn cña UniKey ®Ó t¾t chøc n¨ng bá dÊu ë cuèi tõ.


KiÓu gâ TELEX

C¸c phÝm gâ tiÕng ViÖt cña kiÓu gâ TELEX

s	s¾c

f	huyÒn

r	hái

x	ng·

j	nÆng

z	xãa dÊu thanh ®· bá. VÝ dô: toansz = toan

w	dÊu tr¨ng trong ch÷ ¨, dÊu mãc trong c¸c ch÷ ­, ¬

Ch÷ w ®¬n lÎ tù ®éng chuyÓn thµnh ch­ ­.

aa	©

dd	®

ee	ª

oo	«

[	gâ nhanh ch÷ ­

[	gâ nhanh ch÷ ¬

VÝ dô:

tieengs Vieetj = tiÕng ViÖt

dduwowngf = ®­êng

Víi c¸c b¶ng m· cã ch÷ hoa cã dÊu (Unicode, hoÆc c¸c b¶ng m· 2 byte) , b¹n chØ cÇn gâ ch÷ gèc lµ ch÷ hoa, cßn c¸c dÊu thanh, dÊu mò cã thÓ gâ phÝm ch÷ th­êng

Víi c¸c b¶ng m· 1 byte (TCVN 3, BK HCM1, VISCII, VPS), b¹n ph¶i dïng font ch÷ hoa míi cã ®­îc ch÷ hoa cã dÊu. NÕu dïng font ch÷ th­êng, b¹n chØ cã thÓ gâ ®­îc c¸c ch÷ hoa kh«ng ®Êu: ¢, ¡, £, ¤, ¥, ¦, §.

Trong tr­êng hîp b¹n gâ sai dÊu mµ vÉn ch­a di chuyÓn ra khái tõ ®ang gâ th× cã thÓ gâ ®Ì dÊu míi.

VÝ dô: toanfs = to¸n, toansz = toan.

B¹n nªn gâ phÝm dÊu ë cuèi tõ ®Ó UniKey ®Æt dÊu vµo vÞ trÝ ®óng chÝnh t¶ tiÕng Viªt.

VÝ dô: ®Ó gâ ch÷ hoµng, thay v× gâ hofang hay hoafng, h·y gâ hoangf

Xem thªm: Nguyªn t¾c chung khi gâ tiªng ViÖt.


KiÓu gâ VNI

KiÓu gâ VNI sö dông c¸c phÝm sè ®Ó gâ ch÷ tiÕng ViÖt.

C¸c phÝm gâ tiÕng ViÖt cña kiÓu gâ VNI

1	s¾c

2	huyÒn

3	hái

4	ng·

5	nÆng

6	dÊu mò trong c¸c ch÷ ©, ª, «

7	dÊu mãc trong c¸c ch÷ ­, ¬

8	dÊu tr¨ng trong ch÷ ¨

d9	ch÷ ®

0	xãa dÊu thanh

VÝ dô:

tie6ng1 Vie6t5 = tiÕng ViÖt

d9u7o7ng2 = ®­êng

B¹n còng cã thÓ gâ c¸c dÊu mò, mãc, tr¨ng ë cuèi tõ (víi ®iÒu kiÖn b¹n ph¶i bËt chøc n¨ng nµy cña UniKey). Khi ®ã, cã thÓ gâ:

duong9772 = ®­êng

Víi c¸c b¶ng m· 1 byte (TCVN 3, BK HCM1, VISCII, VPS), b¹n ph¶i dïng font ch÷ hoa míi cã ®­îc ch÷ hoa cã dÊu. Víi font ch÷ th­êng, b¹n chØ cã thÓ gâ ®­îc c¸c ch÷ hoa kh«ng ®Êu: ¢, ¡, £, ¤, ¥, ¦, §.

Trong tr­êng hîp b¹n gâ sai dÊu mµ vÉn ch­a di chuyÓn ra khái tõ ®ang gâ th× cã thÓ gâ ®Ì dÊu míi.

VÝ dô: toan21 = to¸n, toan10 = toan

Xem thªm: Nguyªn t¾c chung khi gâ tiªng ViÖt.


KiÓu gâ VIQR

CÇn ph©n biÖt kiÓu gâ VIQR víi b¶ng m· VIQR. KiÓu gâ lµ ph­¬ng ph¸p b¹n dïng ®Ó nhËp c¸c ký tù tiÕng ViÖt, vµ ®éc lËp víi b¶ng m·. B¶ng m· lµ c¸ch thÓ hiÖn c¸c ký tù tiÕng ViÖt. B¹n cã thÓ dïng kiÓu gâ VIQR ®Ó nhËp tiÕng ViÖt cho c¸c b¶ng m· (font) Unicode, VNI, TCVN...  Ng­îc l¹i b¹n còng cã thÓ gâ kiÓu TELEX, hoÆc VNI cho c¸c b¶ng m· VIQR, Unicode...

C¸c phÝm ch÷ tiÕng ViÖt trong kiÓu gâ VIQR:

‘ (single-quote)	s¾c

` (grave-accent)	huyÒn

?	hái

~(tilde)	ng·

.(full stop)	nÆng

^	dÊu mò trong c¸c ch÷ ©, ª, «

+	dÊu mãc trong c¸c ch÷ ­, ¬

(	dÊu tr¨ng trong ch÷ ¨

dd	ch÷ ®

0	xãa dÊu thanh

\	phÝm tho¸t dÊu

VÝ dô:

tie^’ng Vie^.t = tiÕng ViÖt

ddu+o+`ng = ddu+o+ng` = ®­êng

B¹n còng cã thÓ gâ c¸c dÊu mò, mãc, tr¨ng ë cuèi tõ (víi ®iÒu kiÖn b¹n ph¶i bËt chøc n¨ng nµy cña UniKey). Khi ®ã, cã thÓ gâ:

duongd++` = ®­êng

Víi c¸c b¶ng m· 1 byte (TCVN 3, BK HCM1, VISCII, VPS), b¹n ph¶i dïng font ch÷ hoa míi cã ®­îc ch÷ hoa cã dÊu. Víi font ch÷ th­êng, b¹n chØ cã thÓ gâ ®­îc c¸c ch÷ hoa kh«ng ®Êu: ¢, ¡, £, ¤, ¥, ¦, §.

Trong tr­êng hîp b¹n gâ sai dÊu mµ vÉn ch­a di chuyÓn ra khái tõ ®ang gâ th× cã thÓ gâ ®Ì dÊu míi.

VÝ dô: toan`’ = to¸n, toan’0 = toan

§Ó gâ c¸c dÊu hái, chÊm mµ kh«ng bÞ UniKey xö lý phÝm dÊu, b¹n cã thÓ bÊm phÝm tho¸t (\) tr­íc khi bÊm c¸c phÝm ®ã.

VÝ dô: 	tan? = t¶n

 tan \ ? = tan?

Xem thªm: Nguyªn t¾c chung khi gâ tiªng ViÖt.

KiÓu gâ VIQR*

Ngoµi kiÓu gâ VIQR chuÈn nh­ ®Þnh nghÜa ë trªn, UniKey cßn hç trî kiÓu gâ VIQR* trong ®ã phÝm * ®­îc thay cho phÝm + ®Ó gâ c¸c dÊu mãc trong c¸c ch÷ ­, ¬.


Gâ VIQR theo kiÓu TELEX hoÆc VNI
Dïng TELEX hoÆc VNI gâ tiÕng ViÖt VIQR

VIQR (VIetnamese Quoted Readable) thùc ra chØ lµ mét d¹ng thÓ hiÓn t­îng tr­ng c¸c ch÷ c¸i tiÕng ViÖt chØ b»ng c¸c kü tù trong b¶ng m· ASCII. VIQR hiÖn nay ®­îc dïng rÊt phæ biÕn trong viÖc trao ®æi email, v× kh«ng cÇn thªm font tiÕng ViÖt ®Æc biÖt. Nh­îc ®iÓm cña VIQR lµ ch÷ t­¬ng ®èi khã ®äc. Tuy VIQR kh«ng ®ßi hái bÊt cø phÇn mÒm bµn phÝm nµo, nh­ng víi UniKey b¹n cã thÓ gâ TELEX hay VNI ®Ó ®­îc tiÕng ViÖt VIQR. Nh­ thÕ b¹n sÏ kh«ng ph¶i thay ®æi thãi quen gâ.

§Ó gâ ®­îc VIQR, chän b¶ng m· VIQR trong b¶ng ®iÒu khiÓn hoÆc trong menu.

VÝ dô:

- Gâ VIQR b»ng TELEX: tieengs Vieetj = tie^’ng Vie^.t

- Gâ VIQR b»ng VNI: tie6ng1 Vie6t5 = tie^’ng Vie^.t


Sö dông tiÕng ViÖt Unicode

§Ó gâ ®­îc tiÕng ViÖt theo chuÈn Unicode, m«i tr­êng b¹n sö dông ph¶i cã c¸c ®iÒu kiÖn sau:

-	Ph¶i cã font Unicode. Font Unicode ®· ®­îc cµi s½n trong c¸c hÖ ®iÒu hµnh Windows 98 Second Edition vµ Windows 2000. NÕu b¹n dïng Windows 95, Windows 98 (First Edition), hoÆc Windows NT (3.5x, 4.0) th× ph¶i tù cµi font Unicode.

-	Download font Unicode t¹i ®Þa chØ: http://www.microsoft.com/typography/fontpack

-	Cµi ®Æt font trªn m¸y cña b¹n.

-	Ph¶i sö dông øng dông cã hç trî Unicode. C¸c ch­¬ng tr×nh th«ng dông cã hç trî Unicode cã thÓ kÓ ®Õn: Microsoft Outlook Express 5.x, Internet Explorer 5.x, Microsoft Office 97, Microsoft Office 2000.

Font Unicode còng cã thÓ ®· cã trªn m¸y nÕu b¹n ®· cµi Microsoft Office 2000 hoÆc Internet Explorer 5.x. B¹n cã thÓ dïng ch­¬ng tr×nh Character Map ®Ó kiÓm tra xem trong m¸y ®· cã font Unicode tiÕng ViÖt ch­a.

Xem thªm: Chó ý khi sö dông Unicode trong Microsoft Word.


Cµi ®Æt UniKey

Unikey chØ gåm mét file EXE duy nhÊt lµ unikey.exe (hoÆc unikeynt.exe), v× vËy b¹n kh«ng cÇn mét ch­¬ng tr×nh cµi ®Æt riªng. UniKey gåm hai phiªn b¶n:

-	Phiªn b¶n chuÈn (UniKey.exe): dïng cho tÊt c¶ c¸c hÖ ®iÒu hµnh Windows

-	Phiªn b¶n UniKey NT (UniKeyNT.exe): dïng cho c¸c hÖ ®iÒu hµnh Windows NT, 2000, XP

Phiªn b¶n chuÈn

NÕu muèn cã giao diÖn b»ng tiÕng ViÖt th× b¹n ph¶i cã font ABC Sans Serif (abcserif.fon) trong m¸y. Cã 2 c¸ch lµm ®iÒu nµy:

-	ChÐp file abcserif.fon vµo cïng th­ môc víi unikey.exe. NÕu b¹n download b¶n UniKey chuÈn gåm UniKey.exe, help file vµ abcserif.fon, b¹n kh«ng cÇn ph¶i lµm g× c¶ v× abcserif.fon ®· n»m cïng th­ môc víi unikey.exe

-	Tù cµi ®Æt font ABC Sans Serif vµo m¸y. B¹n nªn dïng c¸ch nµy nÕu cã thÓ ®­îc v× mçi lÇn khëi ®éng UniKey kh«ng cÇn t×m file chøa font n÷a.

Phiªn b¶n UniKey NT

Phiªn b¶n nµy dïng ph«ng tiÕng ViÖt cña hÖ thèng nªn b¹n kh«ng cÇn ph¶i lµm g× c¶. MÆc dï phiªn b¶n chuÈn cã thÓ ch¹y trªn mäi hÖ ®iÒu hµnh Windows, nÕu b¹n dïng Windows NT/2000/XP th× nªn dïng UniKey NT.

Khi ch¹y UniKey, b¹n cã thÓ bËt b¶ng ®iÒu khiÓn vµ ®Æt lùa chän Khëi ®éng cïng Windows ®Ó tù ®éng ch¹y UniKey mçi khi khëi ®éng Windows.

NÕu muèn biÕt UniKey b¹n ®ang ch¹y lµ phiªn b¶n chuÈn hay phiªn b¶n NT, b¹n cã thÓ bÊm nót Th«ng tin trong b¶ng ®iÒu khiÓn.


Khëi ®éng, kÕt thóc ch­¬ng tr×nh

-	Khëi ®éng unikey: ch¹y file unikey.exe

-	KÕt thóc unikey: chän môc KÕt thóc trong menu hoÆc bÊm vµo nót KÕt thóc trong b¶ng ®iÒu khiÓn.


BËt t¾t chÕ ®é bµn phÝm tiÕng ViÖt

ChÕ ®é bµn phÝm tiÕng ViÖt cã thÓ bËt/t¾t b»ng 2 c¸ch sau:

•	Dïng tæ hîp phÝm nãng. Tuú theo lùa chän trong b¶ng ®iÒu khiÓn, tæ hîp phÝm nãng cã thÓ lµ CTRL+SHIFT hoÆc ALT+Z

•	BÊm chuét tr¸i vµo biÓu t­îng cña UniKey ë gãc mµn h×nh. (biÓu t­îng nµy kh«ng xuÊt hiÖn nÕu b¹n ®ang më b¶ng ®iÒu khiÓn.


BiÓu t­îng UniKey trªn Taskbar

Khi hép ®iÒu khiÓn ®­îc ®ãng l¹i, biÓu t­îng cña UniKey sÏ xuÊt hiÖn ë gãc ph¶i d­íi cña mµn h×nh. T¸c dông cña biÓu t­îng:

-	HiÓn thÞ tr¹ng th¸i hiÖn thêi cña bµn phÝm. BiÓu t­îng ch÷  V lµ bËt tiÕng viÖt.. Ch÷  E (English) lµ t¾t tiÕng ViÖt.

-	BÊm phÝm chuét tr¸i: bËt t¾t tiÕng ViÖt.

-	BÊm phÝm chuét ph¶i: hiÓn thÞ menu cña UniKey.

-	BÊm ®óp chuét tr¸i: bËt b¶ng ®iÒu khiÓn cña UniKey.


C¸c tÝnh n¨ng tiªn tiÕn

UniKey cã 1 sè tÝnh n¨ng gióp b¹n gâ tõ kh«ng ph¶i tiÕng ViÖt mµ kh«ng cÇn chuyÓn chÕ ®é bµn phÝm.

Gâ lÆp dÊu

Gâ lÆp dÊu cho phÐp lÊy l¹i phÝm ®· ®­îc hiÓu lµ dÊu tiÕng ViÖt. tr­íc ®ã.

VÝ dô:

- KiÓu TELEX: Windowws = Windows

guitarr = guitar

- KiÓu VNI: e11 = e1

T¸c dông cña phÝm Control

Cã thÓ dïng phÝm Control ®Ó b¸o cho UniKey kh«ng bá dÊu vµo c¸c ch÷ ®· gâ tr­íc ®ã.

VÝ dô:

-	KiÓu TELEX: a CTRL s k = ask

-	KiÓu VNI: a CTR 8 = a8


Chó ý khi dïng Microsoft Word
Sö dông UniKey víi Microsoft Word

Khi gâ tiÕng ViÖt trong Microsoft Word cÇn chó ý c¸c ®iÓm sau:

-	Kh«ng dïng chøc n¨ng Auto Correct: Chän trong Word môc menu: Tools - Auto Correct - [Replace As You Type, Correct TWo INitial CApitals]

-	NÕu b¹n dïng Windows 9x: Khi gâ tiÕng ViÖt Unicode kh«ng ®­îc dïng chøc n¨ng Use smart cut and paste. Nguyªn nh©n lµ do trong Windows 9x th× UniKey ph¶i dïng clipboard ®Ó xö lý tiÕng ViÖt Unicode. NÕu b¹n bËt chøc n¨ng nµy th× sau khi ®· sö dông lÖnh copy, khi gâ tiÕng ViÖt Word sÏ lu«n chÌn thªm mét dÊu tr¾ng. §Ó t¾t chøc n¨ng nµy, b¹n chän trong Word môc menu: Tools - Options - Edit, xãa check box Use smart cut and paste.


Dïng UniKey víi Emacs vµ gVim

UniKey cã b¶ng m· X UTF-8 thiÕt kÕ riªng ®Ó dïng víi c¸c øng dông vèn xuÊt xø tõ m«i tr­êng Unix hay Linux. Víi X UTF-8 b¹n cã thÓ gâ tiÕng ViÖt unicode rÊt dÔ dµng trong emacs vµ gVim.

§Ó so¹n unicode trong emacs, b¹n cÇn cã Emacs version 21.2 trë lªn. §Æt c¸c th«ng sè nh­ sau:

•	Trong UniKey h·y chän b¶ng m· X UTF-8.

•	Trong emacs: ®Æt keyboard-coding-system lµ UTF-8. Cã mét sè c¸ch ®Ó lµm ®iÒu nµy:

o	BÊm tæ hîp phÝm: C-x RET k utf-8. C¸ch nµy chØ cã t¸c dông trong mét phiªn lµm viÖc cña emacs.

o	Ch¹y lÖnh customize cña emacs: M-x customize. Sau ®ã chän nhãm Environment - I18n - Mule - Keyboard Coding System, ®Æt Keyboard Coding System lµ UTF-8. Lùa chän nµy sÏ lu«n lu«n cã t¸c dông khi b¹n khëi ®éng emacs.

Víi gVim, b¹n cÇn ®Æt c¸c th«ng sè sau:

•	Trong UniKey h·y chän b¶ng m· X UTF-8.

•	§Æt c¸c th«ng sè sau cho gVim

set encoding=Unicode

set guifont=courier_new

B¹n cã thÓ ®Æt c¸c dßng trªn vµo vµo file _vimrc ë th­ môc gèc cña gVim (th­êng lµ c:\vim) vµo gVim sÏ tù ®éng ch¹y ë chÕ ®é nµy


Sö dông UniKey víi c¸c ch­¬ng tr×nh ®iÒu khiÓn bµn phÝm kh¸c

§Ó tr¸nh ®ông ®é, b¹n kh«ng nªn sö dông ®ång thêi UniKey víi c¸c  ch­¬ng tr×nh bµn phÝm tiÕng ViÖt kh¸c.

Chó ý víi c¸c bµn phÝm ®Þa ph­¬ng kh¸c tiÕng Anh

MÆc dï ë c¸c bµn phÝm nµy ®· cã s½n mét sè ch÷ c¸i trong tiÕng ViÖt (vÝ dô ch÷ Ð trong tiÕng Ph¸p, tiÕng SÐc) , b¹n kh«ng nªn sö dông c¸c phÝm nµy khi gâ tiÕng ViÖt mµ vÉn ph¶i gâ theo c¸ch th«ng th­êng (nghÜa lµ es = Ð trong kiÓu TELEX).


ThiÕt lËp chÕ ®é gâ tiÕng ViÖt
Sö dông b¶ng ®iÒu khiÓn

B¹n cã thÓ thay ®æi th«ng sè ho¹t ®éng cña UniKey th«ng qua b¶ng ®iÒu khiÓn, biÓu t­îng trªn taskbar vµ menu g¾n víi biÓu t­îng nµy.

Th«ng th­êng, khi UniKey khëi ®éng, b¹n sÏ thÊy mét hép héi tho¹i chÝnh nh­ trªn cho phÐp b¹n ®Æt hÇu nh­ tÊt c¶ c¸c th«ng sè ho¹t ®éng cña UniKey.

UniKey ®­îc trang bÞ 2 ng«n ng÷ giao diÖn lµ tiÕng Anh vµ tiÕng ViÖt. NÕu trªn m¸y b¹n UniKey ch­a hiÓn thÞ ®­îc tiÕng ViÖt h·y xem chØ dÉn cµi ®Æt UniKey.

Hép héi tho¹i cña UniKey cã 2 chÕ ®é:

-	ChÕ ®é më réng: cho phÐp ®Æt tÊt c¶ c¸c th«ng sè ho¹t ®éng cña UniKey

-	ChÕ ®é thu nhá: chØ ®Æt c¸c th«ng sè hay sö dông nhÊt.

B¹n cã thÓ thay ®æi chÕ ®é héi tho¹i b»ng c¸ch bÊm vµo nót Thu Nhá hoÆc Më réng.

Vietnamese interface/Giao dien tieng Viet

Chän ng«n ng÷ thÓ hiÖn lµ tiÕng Anh hay tiÕng ViÖt. ChÕ ®é tiÕng ViÖt chØ cã thÓ chän ®­îc khi UniKey t×m thÊy font ABC Sans Serif trong m¸y cña b¹n.

B¶ng m·

Chän b¶ng m· tiÕng ViÖt. B¹n ph¶i chän ®óng b¶nng m· t­¬ng øng víi font tiÕng ViÖt mµ b¹n ®ang sö dông.

KiÓu gâ phÝm
Cho phÐp chän kiÓu gâ tiÕng ViÖt: Telex, VNI, hoÆc VIQR.

PhÝm chuyÓn

ThiÕt lËp tæ hîp phÝm nãng dïng ®Ó bËt t¾t tiÕng ViÖt b»ng. B¹n chän 1 trong 2 tæ hîp:  CTRL + SHIFT hoÆc ALT + Z.

Cho phÐp gâ dÊu mò, mãc ë cuèi tõ

NÕu bËt tuú chän nµy th× c¸c dÊu mò, dÊu mãc, dÊu tr¨ng kh«ng nhÊt thiÕt ph¶i gâ ngay sau ch÷ c¸i gèc.

VÝ dô:

KiÓu TELEX: duongwwfd = dduwowngf = ®­êng

KiÓu VNI: duong9772 = d9u7o7ng2 = ®­êng

Tuú chän nµy cho phÐp ng­êi dïng kiÓu gâ VNI  ®ì ph¶i chuyÓn tay nhiÒu (gâ xong phÝm ch÷ råi ®Õn phÝm sè). Ng­êi dïng kiÓu gâ TELEX nªn t¾t chøc n¨ng nµy ®Ó tr¸nh nhÇm lÉn.

Ph¶i bá dÊu ngay sau nguyªn ©m

NÕu bËt tuú chän nµy b¹n b¾t buéc ph¶i gâ phÝm dÊu ngay sau ch÷ c¸i gèc. Tuú chän nµy ®­îc chØ nh»m phôc vô nh÷ng ng­êi ®· quen gâ nh­ vËy tõ tr­íc ®Õn nay.  B¹n nªn t¾t chøc n¨ng nµy ®Ó cho phÐp UniKey tù ®éng bá dÊu mét c¸ch chuÈn x¸c, ®óng chÝnh t¶.

Bá dÊu oµ, uý (thay v× ßa, óy)

Cã 2 quan niÖm kh¸c nhau vÒ vÞ trÝ ®Æt d©u trong c¸c ©m oa, oe, uy khi chóng xuÊt hiÖn ë cuèi tõ.

- KiÓu cæ ®iÓn: dÊu ®­îc ®Æt vµo nguyªn ©m tr­íc cho c©n ®èi. VÝ dô: hãa, thñy, kháe.

- KiÓu míi: dÊu ®­îc ®Æt theo quy t¾c ph¸t ©m. VÝ dô: ho¸, thuû, khoÎ.

Theo nhiÒu nhµ ng«n ng÷ häc th× “kiÓu míi” ®­îc coi lµ ®óng chÝnh t¶.

MÆc ®Þnh

B¹n bÊm vµo nót nµy ®Ó ®Æt l¹i c¸c th«ng sè cña UniKey vÒ gi¸ trÞ mÆc ®Þnh.

BËt hçi tho¹i ngµy khi khëi ®éng

Cho phÐp bËt, t¾t hép héi tho¹i mçi khi UniKey khëi ®éng.

Khëi ®éng cïng Windows

Tù ®éng bËt UniKey mçi khi Windows khëi ®éng.

NÕu b¹n chän môc nµy, h·y nhí xo¸ bá shortcut cña UniKey trong Startup Menu nÕu cã.

Th«ng tin

Xem th«ng tin thªm vÒ UniKey.

Taskbar

Thu nhá UniKey thµnh icon trªn taskbar.

KÕt thóc

KÕt thóc UniKey

Cho phÐp gâ t¾t

BËt tÝnh n¨ng hç trî gâ t¾t cña UniKey

§Þnh nghÜa gâ t¾t

Cho phÐp b¹n so¹n b¶ng gâ t¾t


Menu cña UniKey trªn taskbar

Khi UniKey ®­îc thu nhá thµnh biÓu t­îng ë gãc mµn h×nh, b¹n cã thÓ bÊm chuét ph¶i ®Ó hiÓn thÞ menu. Th«ng qua menu b¹n cã thÓ thay ®æi kiÓu gâ (VNI-TELEX) vµ b¶ng m· tiÕng ViÖt mµ UniKey sö dông.


ThiÕt lËp gâ t¾t

TÝnh n¨ng hç trî gâ t¾t cho phÐp b¹n gâ c¸c tõ hoÆc côm tõ mét c¸ch nhanh chãng. Ch¼ng h¹n nÕu th­êng xuyªn ph¶i gâ tõ C«ng nghÖ th«ng tin b¹n cã thÓ thiÕt lËp mét môc gâ t¾t cho phÐp b¹n chØ cÇn gâ Cntt vµ UniKey sÏ tù ®iÒn côm tõ C«ng nghÖ th«ng tin cho b¹n.

§Ó thiÕt lËp ®­îc chÕ ®é gâ t¾t b¹n cÇn lµm 2 ®iÒu sau:

-	BËt lùa chän Cho phÐp gâ t¾t trong b¶ng ®iÒu khiÓn cña UniKey (lùa chän nµy ngÇm ®Þnh lµ t¾t).

-	§Þnh nghÜa c¸c môc gâ t¾t. B¹n chØ cÇn lµm ®iÒu nµy mét lÇn vµ UniKey sÏ ghi nhí l©u dµi c¸c môc tõ nµy trong m¸y cña b¹n. §Ó ®Þnh nghÜa gâ t¾t, h·y chän B¶ng gâ t¾t trong b¶ng ®iÒu khiÓn cña UniKey. Khi ®ã b¹n sÏ thÊy hép héi tho¹i gièng nh­ h×nh sau.

 Chó ý: B¹n cÇn l­u ý c¸c ®iÓm sau khi ®Þnh nghÜa gâ t¾t

-	D·y gâ t¾t dµi tèi ®a 15 ký tù, chØ chøa c¸c ch÷ kh«ng dÊu hoÆc sè

-	D·y gâ t¾t cã ph©n biÖt ch÷ hoa vµ ch÷ th­êng. Ch¼n h¹n b¹n cã thÓ ®Þnh nghÜa Cntt lµ C«ng nghÖ th«ng tin vµ CNTT lµ C¤NG NGHÖ TH¤NG TIN.

-	 B¹n cã thÓ ®Þnh nghÜa lªn tíi 1024 môc gâ t¾t, mçi côm tõ thay thÕ cã thÓ dµi tèi ®a lµ 512 ký tù tiÕng ViÖt, tæng dung l­îng tèi ®a cña b¶ng gâ t¾t lµ 64 KB. C¸c giíi h¹n nµy nãi chung lµ ®ñ ®¶m b¶o yªu cÇu cho hÇu hÕt ng­êi dïng.

§èi víi phiªn b¶n UniKey dïng cho mäi Windows: (kh«ng ph¶i b¶n ®Æc biÖt UniKey NT) Do cã h¹n chÕ vÒ ph«ng ch÷ dïng trong Windows 9x nªn UniKey ph¶i dïng d¹ng hiÓn thÞ VIQR trong lóc b¹n ®Þnh nghÜa gâ t¾t. Tuy h¬i khã ®äc nh­ng d¹ng VIQR cho phÐp b¹n ph©n biÖt ch÷ hoa vµ ch÷ th­êng. UniKey chØ dïng VIQR khi ®Þnh nghÜa gâ t¾t, cßn khi b¹n ¸p dông gâ t¾t th× UniKey sÏ tù ®éng chuyÓn ®æi theo ®óng b¶ng m· b¹n dïng.

Hép héi tho¹i mµ b¹n thÊy trong tµi liÖu nµy lµ hép ®Þnh nghÜa gâ t¾t cña phiªn b¶n UniKey NT. Phiªn b¶n nµy dïng cho Windows NT/2000/XP vµ sö dông ph«ng unicode nªn hiÓn thÞ ®­îc ®Çy ®ñ tiÕng ViÖt.


C¸c phÝm t¾t

§Ó viÖc sö dông ®­îc nhanh chãng, thuËn tiÖn, UniKey cã ®Þnh nghÜa c¸c tæ hîp phÝm gâ t¾t cho c¸c tÝnh n¨ng th­êng dïng nhÊt nh­ sau:

-	CTRL+SHIFT+F5: Më hép ®iÒu khiÓn chÝnh cña UniKey

-	CTRL+SHIFT+F6: Më hép c«ng cô cña UniKey

-	CTRL+SHIFT+F9: Thùc hiÖn chuyÓn m· cho clipboard víi c¸c lùa chän ®· ®Æt trong hép c«ng cô

-	CTRL+SHIFT+F1: Chän b¶ng m· Unicode

-	CTRL+SHIFT+F2: Chän b¶ng m· TCVN3 (ABC)

-	CTRL+SHIFT+F3: Chän b¶ng m· VNI-Windows

-	CTRL+SHIFT+F4: Chän b¶ng m· VIQR


ChuyÓn m· tiÕng ViÖt
ChuyÓn m· tiÕng ViÖt - UniKey Toolkit

Ngoµi viÖc lµ mét bé gâ tiÕng ViÖt, UniKey cßn cã UniKey Toolkit cung cÊp cho b¹n c¸c c«ng cô xö lý tiÕng ViÖt. Phiªn b¶n 3.5 hiÖn míi chØ cã tÝnh n¨ng chuyÓn m· tiÕng ViÖt.

Hép héi tho¹i UniKey Toolkit cã thÓ ®­îc gäi tõ Menu hoÆc th«ng qua tæ hîp phÝm nãng CTRL+SHIFT+F6.

B¹n cã thÓ sö dông mét trong 2 kiÓu chuyÓn m·: ChuyÓn m· clipboard vµ chuyÓn m· file v¨n b¶n th­êng.

ChuyÓn m· clipboard

ChuyÓn m· clipboard lµ mét c«ng cô rÊt tiÖn cho phÐp b¹n chuyÓn m· v¨n b¶n khi c¾t d¸n. VÝ dô: B¹n muèn chuyÓn m· mét ®o¹n v¨n b¶n Word tõ m· ABC sang m· unicode vµ d¸n vµo trong Outlook Express.

C¸c b­íc thùc hiÖn chuyÓn m· clipboard:

-	BËt UniKey Toolkit tõ Menu cña UniKey hoÆc bÊm tæ hîp phÝm nãng CTRL+SHIFT+F6. Sau ®ã ®Æt c¸c th«ng sè:

-	BËt lùa chän ChuyÓn m· clipboard trong hép héi tho¹i UniKey Toolkit.

-	Chän b¶ng m· nguån vµ b¶ng m· ®Ých.

-	BÊm vµo nót ChuyÓn ®æi

NÕu b¹n ®· thiÕt lËp ®óng c¸c tham sè chuyÔn m· (gåm m· nguån, m· ®Ých) trong hép c«ng cô th× cã thÓ thùc hiÖn chuyÓn ®æi nhanh trong clipboard nh­ sau:

-	§¸nh dÊu vµ copy v¨n b¶n cÇn chuyÓn vµo clipboard (CTRL+C)

-	BÊm tæ hîp phÝm nãng CTRL+SHIFT+F9 ®Ó thùc hiÖn chyÓn m·

-	D¸n v¨n b¶n trë l¹i (CTRL+V)

ChuyÓn m· file v¨n b¶n th­êng

UniKey cho phÐp b¹n chuyÓn m· c¸c file d¹ng TXT. HiÖn t¹i UniKey ch­a hç trî chuyÓn m· file Word vµ RTF.

C¸ch thùc hiÖn:

-	BËt UniKey Toolkit tõ Menu cña UniKey hoÆc bÊm tæ hîp phÝm nãng CTRL+SHIFT+F6. Sau ®ã ®Æt c¸c th«ng sè:

-	T¾t lùa chän ChuyÓn m· clipboard trong hép héi tho¹i UniKey Toolkit

-	Chän b¶ng m· nguån vµ b¶ng m· ®Ých.

-	Chän File nguån vµ File ®Ých.

-	BÊm vµo nót ChuyÓn ®æi

B¹n cã thÓ chän file ®Ých trïng víi file nguån, khi ®ã UniKey sÏ ghi ®Ì néi dung ®· chuyÓn ®æi vµo file nguån


Chó ý ®äc
Xin h·y chó ý ®äc

C¸c b¹n h·y cè g¾ng ®äc toµn bé tµi liÖu h­íng dÉn sö dông nµy. Thùc tÕ cho thÊy 90% c¸c th¾c m¾c göi vÒ cho t¸c gi¶ ®Òu lµ nh÷ng vÊn ®Ò chung mµ hÇu nh­ ai còng ®· gÆp, vµ hÇu hÕt c¸c vÊn ®Ò ®ã cã thÓ gi¶i quyÕt ®­îc ngay nÕu nh­ b¹n ®· ®äc qua tµi liÖu h­íng dÉn sö dông. V× vËy ph­¬ng ph¸p nhanh nhÊt gióp b¹n gi¶i quyÕt khã kh¨n khi dïng UniKey lµ tù ®äc tµi liÖu h­íng dÉn, vµ ®Æc biÖt lµ Nh÷ng c©u hái th­êng gÆp (HTML). B¹n h·y coi viÖc göi th­ cho t¸c gi¶ lµ gi¶i ph¸p cuèi cïng, vµ nhiÒu kh¶ n¨ng lµ rÊt l©u sau ®ã b¹n míi cã thÓ nhËn ®­îc c©u tr¶ lêi.

HiÖn nay tµi liÖu h­íng dÉn sö dông cña UniKey ®­îc viÕt d­íi 2 khu«n d¹ng:

-	D¹ng Help th«ng th­êng cña Windows, lµ tµi liÖu mµ b¹n ®ang ®äc.

-	D¹ng HTML.

Tµi liÖu d¹ng HTML sÏ ®­îc cËp nhËt th­êng xuyªn h¬n vµ tæ chøc tèt h¬n. B¹n cã thÓ t×m thÊy c¸c tµi liÖu HTML trong cïng th­ môc chøa UniKey víi tªn file lµ: ukmanual.htm vµ ukfaq.htm.

B¹n cã thÓ xem:

-	H­íng dÉn sö dông UniKey (HTML).

-	Nh÷ng c©u hái th­êng gÆp (HTML).

B¹n còng cã thÓ ®äc trùc tiÕp trªn Internet


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Whether that is true depends on what the Program does.

  1. You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Program's

source code as you receive it, in any medium, provided that you

conspicuously and appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate

copyright notice and disclaimer of warranty; keep intact all the

notices that refer to this License and to the absence of any warranty;

and give any other recipients of the Program a copy of this License

along with the Program.

You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy, and

you may at your option offer warranty protection in exchange for a fee.

  2. You may modify your copy or copies of the Program or any portion

of it, thus forming a work based on the Program, and copy and

distribute such modifications or work under the terms of Section 1

above, provided that you also meet all of these conditions:

    a) You must cause the modified files to carry prominent notices

    stating that you changed the files and the date of any change.

    b) You must cause any work that you distribute or publish, that in

    whole or in part contains or is derived from the Program or any

    part thereof, to be licensed as a whole at no charge to all third

    parties under the terms of this License.

    c) If the modified program normally reads commands interactively

    when run, you must cause it, when started running for such

    interactive use in the most ordinary way, to print or display an

    announcement including an appropriate copyright notice and a

    notice that there is no warranty (or else, saying that you provide

    a warranty) and that users may redistribute the program under

    these conditions, and telling the user how to view a copy of this

    License.  (Exception: if the Program itself is interactive but

    does not normally print such an announcement, your work based on

    the Program is not required to print an announcement.)

These requirements apply to the modified work as a whole.  If

identifiable sections of that work are not derived from the Program,

and can be reasonably considered independent and separate works in

themselves, then this License, and its terms, do not apply to those

sections when you distribute them as separate works.  But when you

distribute the same sections as part of a whole which is a work based

on the Program, the distribution of the whole must be on the terms of

this License, whose permissions for other licensees extend to the

entire whole, and thus to each and every part regardless of who wrote it.

Thus, it is not the intent of this section to claim rights or contest

your rights to work written entirely by you; rather, the intent is to

exercise the right to control the distribution of derivative or

collective works based on the Program.

In addition, mere aggregation of another work not based on the Program

with the Program (or with a work based on the Program) on a volume of

a storage or distribution medium does not bring the other work under

the scope of this License.

  3. You may copy and distribute the Program (or a work based on it,

under Section 2) in object code or executable form under the terms of

Sections 1 and 2 above provided that you also do one of the following:

    a) Accompany it with the complete corresponding machine-readable

    source code, which must be distributed under the terms of Sections

    1 and 2 above on a medium customarily used for software interchange; or,

    b) Accompany it with a written offer, valid for at least three

    years, to give any third party, for a charge no more than your

    cost of physically performing source distribution, a complete

    machine-readable copy of the corresponding source code, to be

    distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a medium

    customarily used for software interchange; or,

    c) Accompany it with the information you received as to the offer

    to distribute corresponding source code.  (This alternative is

    allowed only for noncommercial distribution and only if you

    received the program in object code or executable form with such

    an offer, in accord with Subsection b above.)

The source code for a work means the preferred form of the work for

making modifications to it.  For an executable work, complete source

code means all the source code for all modules it contains, plus any

associated interface definition files, plus the scripts used to

control compilation and installation of the executable.  However, as a

special exception, the source code distributed need not include

anything that is normally distributed (in either source or binary

form) with the major components (compiler, kernel, and so on) of the

operating system on which the executable runs, unless that component

itself accompanies the executable.

If distribution of executable or object code is made by offering

access to copy from a designated place, then offering equivalent

access to copy the source code from the same place counts as

distribution of the source code, even though third parties are not

compelled to copy the source along with the object code.

  4. You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Program

except as expressly provided under this License.  Any attempt

otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Program is

void, and will automatically terminate your rights under this License.

However, parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under

this License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such

parties remain in full compliance.

  5. You are not required to accept this License, since you have not

signed it.  However, nothing else grants you permission to modify or

distribute the Program or its derivative works.  These actions are

prohibited by law if you do not accept this License.  Therefore, by

modifying or distributing the Program (or any work based on the

Program), you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so, and

all its terms and conditions for copying, distributing or modifying

the Program or works based on it.

  6. Each time you redistribute the Program (or any work based on the

Program), the recipient automatically receives a license from the

original licensor to copy, distribute or modify the Program subject to

these terms and conditions.  You may not impose any further

restrictions on the recipients' exercise of the rights granted herein.

You are not responsible for enforcing compliance by third parties to

this License.

  7. If, as a consequence of a court judgment or allegation of patent

infringement or for any other reason (not limited to patent issues),

conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or

otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not

excuse you from the conditions of this License.  If you cannot

distribute so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this

License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you

may not distribute the Program at all.  For example, if a patent

license would not permit royalty-free redistribution of the Program by

all those who receive copies directly or indirectly through you, then

the only way you could satisfy both it and this License would be to

refrain entirely from distribution of the Program.

If any portion of this section is held invalid or unenforceable under

any particular circumstance, the balance of the section is intended to

apply and the section as a whole is intended to apply in other

circumstances.

It is not the purpose of this section to induce you to infringe any

patents or other property right claims or to contest validity of any

such claims; this section has the sole purpose of protecting the

integrity of the free software distribution system, which is

implemented by public license practices.  Many people have made

generous contributions to the wide range of software distributed

through that system in reliance on consistent application of that

system; it is up to the author/donor to decide if he or she is willing

to distribute software through any other system and a licensee cannot

impose that choice.

This section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is believed to

be a consequence of the rest of this License.

  8. If the distribution and/or use of the Program is restricted in

certain countries either by patents or by copyrighted interfaces, the

original copyright holder who places the Program under this License

may add an explicit geographical distribution limitation excluding

those countries, so that distribution is permitted only in or among

countries not thus excluded.  In such case, this License incorporates

the limitation as if written in the body of this License.

  9. The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions

of the General Public License from time to time.  Such new versions will

be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to

address new problems or concerns.

Each version is given a distinguishing version number.  If the Program

specifies a version number of this License which applies to it and "any

later version", you have the option of following the terms and conditions

either of that version or of any later version published by the Free

Software Foundation.  If the Program does not specify a version number of

this License, you may choose any version ever published by the Free Software

Foundation.

  10. If you wish to incorporate parts of the Program into other free

programs whose distribution conditions are different, write to the author

to ask for permission.  For software which is copyrighted by the Free

Software Foundation, write to the Free Software Foundation; we sometimes

make exceptions for this.  Our decision will be guided by the two goals

of preserving the free status of all derivatives of our free software and

of promoting the sharing and reuse of software generally.

    NO WARRANTY

 11. BECAUSE THE PROGRAM IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO WARRANTY

FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW.  EXCEPT WHEN

OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES

PROVIDE THE PROGRAM "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED

OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF

MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  THE ENTIRE RISK AS

TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU.  SHOULD THE

PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING,

REPAIR OR CORRECTION.

12. IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING

WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY AND/OR

REDISTRIBUTE THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES,

INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING

OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED

TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY

YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER

PROGRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE

POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.

     END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS